Elementary Excitations in One-Dimensional Electromechanical Systems; Transport with Back-Reaction

Using an exactly solvable model, we study low-energy properties of a one-dimensional spinless electron fluid contained in a quantum-mechanically moving wire located in a static magnetic field. The phonon and electric current are coupled via Lorentz force and the eigenmodes are described by two independent boson fluids. At low energies, the two boson modes are charged while one of them has excitation gap due to back-reaction of the Lorentz force. The theory is illustrated by evaluating optical absorption spectra. Our results are exact and show a non-perturbative regime of electron transport

Rapid Fabrication of Large-sized Solid Shape using Variable Lamination Manufacturing and Multi-functional Hotwire Cutting System

Rapid prototyping (RP) technologies have been widely used to reduce the lead-time and development cost of new products. The VLM-ST process has been developed to overcome the currently developed RP technologies such as a large building time, a high building cost, an additional post-processing and a large apparatus cost. However, the VLM-ST process has the limitation of fabricated model size (VLM300: 297×210 mm, VLM400: 420×297 mm) and the limitation of slope angle when the large-sized model more than 600 × 600 × 600 mm or axisymmetric shape is fabricated. The objective of this paper is to develop a multi-functional hotwire cutting system (MHC) using EPS-foam block or sheet as the working material in order to fabricate a large-sized shape more than 600 × 600 × 600 mm. Because the MHC apparatus employs a four-axis synchronized hotwire cutter with the structure of two XY movable heads and a turn-table, it allows the easy fabrication of various 3D shapes, such as (1) an axisymmetric shape or a sweeping cross-sectioned pillar shape using the hot-strip in the form of sweeping surface and EPS foam block on the turn-table, (2) a polyhedral complex shape using the hotwire and EPS foam block on the turn-table, and (3) a ruled surface approximated freeform shape using the hotwire and EPS foam sheet. In order to examine the applicability of the developed MHC apparatus, an axisymmetric shape, a polyhedral shape and a large-sized freeform shape were fabricated by the apparatus.Mechanical Engineerin

Meta-Stable Brane Configurations by Adding an Orientifold-Plane to Giveon-Kutasov

In hep-th/0703135, they have found the type IIA intersecting brane configuration where there exist three NS5-branes, D4-branes and anti-D4-branes. By analyzing the gravitational interaction for the D4-branes in the background of the NS5-branes, the phase structures in different regions of the parameter space were studied in the context of classical string theory. In this paper, by adding the orientifold 4-plane and 6-plane to the above brane configuration, we describe the intersecting brane configurations of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of these gauge theories.Comment: 21 pp, 6 figures; reduced bytes of figures, DBI action analysis added and to appear in JHE

Hydrothermal synthesis of α-MnO<inf>2</inf> and β-MnO <inf>2</inf> nanorods as high capacity cathode materials for sodium ion batteries

Two types of MnO2 polymorphs, α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 nanorods, have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Their crystallographic phases, morphologies, and crystal structures were characterized by XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis. Different exposed crystal planes have been identified by TEM. The electrochemical properties of α-MnO 2 and β-MnO2 nanorods as cathode materials in Na-ion batteries were evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge testing. Both α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 nanorods achieved high initial sodium ion storage capacities of 278 mA h g-1 and 298 mA h g-1, respectively. β-MnO2 nanorods exhibited a better electrochemical performance such as good rate capability and cyclability than that of α-MnO2 nanorods, which could be ascribed to a more compact tunnel structure of β-MnO2 nanorods. Furthermore, the one-dimensional architecture of nanorods could also contribute to facile sodium ion diffusion in the charge and discharge process. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013

SnO<inf>2</inf>@graphene nanocomposites as anode materials for Na-ion batteries with superior electrochemical performance

An in situ hydrothermal synthesis approach has been developed to prepare SnO2@graphene nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited a high reversible sodium storage capacity of above 700 mA h g-1 and excellent cyclability for Na-ion batteries. In particular, they also demonstrated a good high rate capability for reversible sodium storage. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Hydrothermal synthesis of I?-MnO2 and I?-MnO2 nanorods as high capacity cathode materials for sodium ion batteries

Two types of MnO2 polymorphs, I?-MnO2 and I?-MnO2 nanorods, have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Their crystallographic phases, morphologies, and crystal structures were characterized by XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis. Different exposed crystal planes have been identified by TEM. The electrochemical properties of I?-MnO2 and I?-MnO2 nanorods as cathode materials in Na-ion batteries were evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge testing. Both I?-MnO2 and I?-MnO2 nanorods achieved high initial sodium ion storage capacities of 278 mA h ga??1 and 298 mA h ga??1, respectively. I?-MnO2 nanorods exhibited a better electrochemical performance such as good rate capability and cyclability than that of I?-MnO2 nanorods, which could be ascribed to a more compact tunnel structure of I?-MnO2 nanorods. Furthermore, the one-dimensional architecture of nanorods could also contribute to facile sodium ion diffusion in the charge and discharge process

Photoexcitation of mass/charge selected hemin⁺, caught in helium nanodroplets

We report on a method by which mass/charge selected ions are picked up from a linear ion trap by liquid helium droplets. The size distributions of the doped droplets are measured via acceleration experiments. Depending on the source temperature, droplet sizes ranging from tens of thousands to several million helium atoms are obtained. Droplets doped with hemin, an iron containing porphyrin molecule, in the charge state +1 are then investigated using laser spectroscopy. It is observed that excitation with UV/VIS light can lead to ejection of the ion from the droplet. For doped droplets with a median size of B150 000 helium atoms, the absorption of two photons at 380 nm is needed for ejection to become efficient. When droplets become smaller, the ejection efficiency is observed to strongly increase. Monitoring the ejection yield as a function of excitation wavelength can be used to obtain the optical spectrum of hemin⁺. Compared to the spectrum of free gas-phase hemin⁺ at room temperature, the narrower and shifted to the blue

Time-convolutionless reduced-density-operator theory of a noisy quantum channel: a two-bit quantum gate for quantum information processing

An exact reduced-density-operator for the output quantum states in time-convolutionless form was derived by solving the quantum Liouville equation which governs the dynamics of a noisy quantum channel by using a projection operator method and both advanced and retarded propagators in time. The formalism developed in this work is general enough to model a noisy quantum channel provided specific forms of the Hamiltonians for the system, reservoir, and the mutual interaction between the system and the reservoir are given. Then, we apply the formulation to model a two-bit quantum gate composed of coupled spin systems in which the Heisenberg coupling is controlled by the tunneling barrier between neighboring quantum dots. Gate Characteristics including the entropy, fidelity, and purity are calculated numerically for both mixed and entangled initial states

Octahedral tin dioxide nanocrystals as high capacity anode materials for Na-ion batteries

Single crystalline SnO2 nanocrystals (∼60 nm in size) with a uniform octahedral shape were synthesised using a hydrothermal method. Their phase and morphology were characterized by XRD and FESEM observation. TEM and HRTEM analyses identified that SnO2 octahedral nanocrystals grow along the [001] direction, consisting of dominantly exposed {221} high energy facets. When applied as anode materials for Na-ion batteries, SnO2 nanocrystals exhibited high reversible sodium storage capacity and excellent cyclability (432 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles). In particular, SnO 2 nanocrystals also demonstrated a good high rate performance. Ex situ TEM analysis revealed the reaction mechanism of SnO2 nanocrystals for reversible Na ion storage. It was found that Na ions first insert into SnO2 crystals at the high voltage plateau (from 3 V to ∼0.8 V), and that the exposed (1 × 1) tunnel-structure could facilitate the initial insertion of Na ions. Subsequently, Na ions react with SnO2 to form NaxSn alloys and Na2O in the low voltage range (from ∼0.8 V to 0.01 V). The superior cyclability of SnO 2 nanocrystals could be mainly ascribed to the reversible Na-Sn alloying and de-alloying reactions. Furthermore, the reduced Na2O "matrix" may help retard the aggregation of tin nanocrystals, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2013